The numerical-range conjecture for periodic tridiagonal operators

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Let T=T(b,0,1)T=T(b,0,1) be the tridiagonal operator where 00 and 11 are the constant sequences of zeroes and ones, respectively, and let bb be the (n+1)(n+1)-periodic sequence with period word 0n10^{n}1. Let JnJ_n denote the (n+1)×(n+1)(n+1)\times(n+1) matrix with value 11 at positions (1,1)(1,1) and (n+1,n+1)(n+1,n+1) and zero everywhere else, and let BnB_n be the (n+1)×(n+1)(n+1)\times(n+1) matrix with 11's above the diagonal and zero everywhere else. For an operator AA, write W(A)W(A) for its numerical range, and let W(T)‾\overline{W(T)} denote the closure of W(T)W(T); co⁡\operatorname{co} denotes the convex hull.

The numerical-range conjecture.

W(T)‾=co⁡(W(Bn+Jn)∪W(Bn−Jn)).\overline{W(T)}=\operatorname{co}\bigl(W(B_n+J_n)\cup W(B_n-J_n)\bigr).

This conjecture describes the closure of the numerical range of this periodic tridiagonal operator in terms of the numerical ranges of two finite matrices. The displayed examples for n=1,2,3n=1,2,3 provide supporting evidence, while the supplied text does not establish the equality or state its resolution.

References

Primary source

Benjamín A. Itzá-Ortiz and Rubén A. Martínez-Avendaño, “The numerical range of a class of periodic tridiagonal operators”, arXiv:1910.00720 (2020).

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