Small quadratic non-residue conjecture

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Let pp be a prime. A quadratic non-residue modulo pp is an integer whose Legendre symbol modulo pp is −1-1.

Small quadratic non-residue conjecture. There exists a prime q<2pq<2\sqrt{p} such that

q≡3(mod4)q\equiv 3\pmod{4}

and qq is a quadratic non-residue modulo pp.

A positive answer would remove the dependence on the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis in the construction of graphs realizing odd-order finite abelian groups with perfect pairings. The source gives no resolution evidence.

References

Primary source

Darren Glass and Nathan Kaplan, “Chip-Firing Games and Critical Groups”, arXiv:1908.04395 (2019).

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