The refined 3x+13x+1 conjecture

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Let TR:Z→ZT_R:\mathbb{Z}\to\mathbb{Z} be defined by

TR(n)={3n4,n≡0(mod4),n−24,n≡2(mod4),3n+12,n≡1(mod2).T_R(n)=\begin{cases}\dfrac{3n}{4},&n\equiv 0\pmod 4,\\[2pt]\dfrac{n-2}{4},&n\equiv 2\pmod 4,\\[2pt]\dfrac{3n+1}{2},&n\equiv 1\pmod 2.\end{cases}

For k≥0k\geq 0, define TR0(n)=nT_R^{0}(n)=n and TRk+1(n)=TR(TRk(n))T_R^{k+1}(n)=T_R(T_R^{k}(n)), and call (TRk(n))k≥0(T_R^{k}(n))_{k\geq 0} the TRT_R-trajectory of nn. The refined 3x+13x+1 conjecture. For every integer n≥0n\geq 0, the TRT_R-trajectory of nn converges to 00. By the preceding equivalence with the usual 3x+13x+1 conjecture, this is an alternative formulation of the same unresolved problem, with the transient terms divisible by 33 and the isolated terms congruent to 11 modulo 33 streamlined.

References

Primary source

Roger Zarnowski, “A Refinement of the 3x+1 Conjecture”, arXiv:1908.00311 (2019).

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