Nonnormal distribution of Benford errors for integer sequences a^n

Let a2a\geq 2 be an integer that is not a power of 1010, let d{1,2,,9}d\in\{1,2,\dots,9\}, and let Ed(N,{an})E_d(N,\{a^n\}) denote the Benford error. Nonnormal distribution conjecture for Benford errors. The sequence of errors does not satisfy a central limit theorem in the sense that there do not exist sequences {AN}\{A_N\} and {BN}\{B_N\} for which the normalized empirical distribution converges to the standard normal distribution. The conjecture is motivated by the fact that the continued-fraction Lindeberg condition is known to fail for almost every real number, but the source gives no resolution for log10a\log_{10}a when aa is an integer not a power of 1010.

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Primary source

Zhaodong Cai, Matthew Faust, A. J. Hildebrand, Junxian Li and Yuan Zhang, “The Surprising Accuracy of Benford's Law in Mathematics”, arXiv:1907.08894 (2019).

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