Optimal strong approximation conjecture for the four-square form

Let N,m,λ1,,λ4ZN,m,\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_4\in\mathbb{Z} satisfy

Ni=14λi2(modm).N\equiv\sum_{i=1}^4\lambda_i^2\pmod m.

Four-square strong approximation conjecture. If Nm4+εN\gg m^{4+\varepsilon}, then there exists (x1,,x4)Z4(x_1,\dots,x_4)\in\mathbb{Z}^4 such that

i=14xi2=N,\sum_{i=1}^4x_i^2=N,

and

xlλl(modm)(1l4).x_l\equiv\lambda_l\pmod m\qquad(1\leq l\leq4).

This is the integral four-variable conjecture whose function-field analogue would yield the sharp upper bound for LPS Ramanujan graph diameters; the source presents it as an optimal strong-approximation conjecture and gives numerical evidence elsewhere.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Naser T. Sardari and Masoud Zargar, “Optimal strong approximation for quadrics over F_q[t]”, arXiv:1907.07839 (2022).

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