Shapiro–Shapiro's multiplicity monotonicity conjecture for words

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Let Sn+1S_{n+1} be the symmetric group, let Wn{\mathbf W}_n be the set of words in the relevant alphabet, and let mult⁡:Sn+1→Nn\operatorname{mult}:S_{n+1}\to\mathbb{N}^n be given by

mult⁡j(σ)=(1σ+⋯+jσ)−(1+⋯+j),j∈[ ⁣[n] ⁣].\operatorname{mult}_j(\sigma)=(1^\sigma+\cdots+j^\sigma)-(1+\cdots+j),\qquad j\in[\![n]\!].

Extend this additively to words by mult⁡(w)=∑imult⁡(σi)\operatorname{mult}(w)=\sum_i\operatorname{mult}(\sigma_i) for w=(σ1,…,σℓ)w=(\sigma_1,\ldots,\sigma_\ell), and order Nn\mathbb{N}^n coordinatewise. Shapiro–Shapiro's conjecture. Given w0,w1∈Wnw_0,w_1\in{\mathbf W}_n, if w0⪯w1w_0\preceq w_1, then mult⁡(w0)≤mult⁡(w1)\operatorname{mult}(w_0)\leq\operatorname{mult}(w_1). This gives a numerical necessary condition for the partial order governing the stratification by itineraries; the source describes the question as open and identifies it as essentially equivalent to a conjecture of Shapiro and Shapiro.

References

Primary source

Victor Goulart and Nicolau C. Saldanha, “Stratification of spaces of locally convex curves by itineraries”, arXiv:1907.01659 (2023).

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