Conjecture on normals of complete minimal surfaces with planar ends

Let X:Σ{p1,,pm}R3X:\Sigma\setminus\{p_1,\ldots,p_m\}\to\mathbb{R}^3 be a complete minimal surface with mm embedded planar ends {p1,,pm}\{p_1,\ldots,p_m\}. Let nX(pi)n_X(p_i) denote the normal at the end pip_i, and set d=dimspan{nX(pi):i=1,,m}d=\dim\operatorname{span}\{n_X(p_i):i=1,\ldots,m\}. Normals-at-the-ends conjecture. The normals at the ends span R3\mathbb{R}^3, that is, d=3d=3. This conjecture would imply that the Morse index formula for unbranched Willmore spheres has the expected value for the associated minimal surfaces; the paper proves the assertion when there are four embedded planar ends, but its validity for arbitrary mm remains open.

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Primary source

Jonas Hirsch and Elena Mäder-Baumdicker, “On the Index of Willmore spheres”, arXiv:1905.04185 (2019).

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