Boundary Gibbs-state conjecture for the spectral gap of PEPS parent Hamiltonians

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Let a PEPS have boundary states, namely the one-dimensional mixed states associated with the PEPS by the bulk-boundary correspondence. Let its parent Hamiltonian be the corresponding bulk Hamiltonian. A one-dimensional Hamiltonian is short-range if it can be written as H=∑i,jhi,jH=\sum_{i,j}h_{i,j}, where hi,jh_{i,j} acts non-trivially only on spins ii and jj and

∥hi,j∥≤Je−α∣i−j∣.\|h_{i,j}\|\leq Je^{-\alpha\lvert i-j\rvert}.

Boundary Gibbs-state conjecture. The parent Hamiltonian of the PEPS is gapped if and only if the boundary states can be written as Gibbs states of one-dimensional short-range Hamiltonians,

ρ=e−βH.\rho=e^{-\beta H}.

This conjecture relates the bulk spectral-gap problem to the effective one-dimensional boundary theory and is motivated by numerical evidence and the bulk-boundary correspondence for PEPS. The general spectral-gap problem is undecidable for PEPS, and explicit counterexamples to universal gappedness are known; the conjecture concerns the stated correspondence for boundary states.

References

Primary source

J. Ignacio Cirac, José Garre-Rubio and David Pérez-García, “Mathematical open problems in Projected Entangled Pair States”, arXiv:1903.09439 (2020).

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