Converse characterisation of separately exchangeable random matrices by empirical distributions

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Let X=(Xi,j)X=(X_{i,j}) be a finite or infinite random matrix taking values in a Borel space SS, and define its empirical distributions by

ηn,m=jminδXi,jnm.\eta_{n,m}=\frac{\sum_{j\leq m}\sum_{i\leq n}\delta_{X_{i,j}}}{nm}.

A collection of random measures (ηn,m)(n,m)N2(\eta_{n,m})_{(n,m)\in\mathbb{N}^2} is a reverse measure-valued martingale if, for every nkn\geq k, mlm\geq l, and measurable function ff,

ηn,mf=E(ηk,lfθn1,m1η).\eta_{n,m}f=E(\eta_{k,l}f\mid\theta_{n-1,m-1}\eta).

Converse characterisation conjecture. If the empirical distributions (ηn,m)(\eta_{n,m}) form a reverse measure-valued martingale, then XX is separately exchangeable, meaning that for any permutations p1,p2p_1,p_2 of N\mathbb{N},

X(p1,p2)=dX.X\circ(p_1,p_2)\stackrel{d}{=}X.

This is the converse to the reverse-martingale property established for separately exchangeable matrices. The supplied text does not indicate whether the converse has been proved or remains open.

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Primary source

Martin Bladt and Dimitry Shaiderman, “Characterisation of exchangeable sequences through empirical distributions”, arXiv:1903.07861 (2023).

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