Upper bound conjecture for zeros of Wronskians of disconjugate equations

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Let

y(n)+p1(x)y(n−1)+…+pn(x)y=0y^{(n)}+p_1(x)y^{(n-1)}+\ldots+p_n(x)y=0

be a linear ordinary homogeneous differential equation of order nn with real-valued continuous coefficients, disconjugate on an interval II. For a positive integer 1≤k≤n−11\leq k\leq n-1, let (y1(x),y2(x),…,yk(x))(y_1(x),y_2(x),\dots,y_k(x)) be any kk-tuple of linearly independent solutions. Wronskian zero bound conjecture. The number of real zeros on II, counting multiplicities, of

det⁡(W(y1(x),y2(x),…,yk(x)))\det(W(y_1(x),y_2(x),\dots,y_k(x)))

does not exceed k(n−k)k(n-k). This conjecture concerns a proposed uniform bound for consecutive Wronskians in disconjugate linear differential equations; the case k=2k=2, n=4n=4 has been settled, while the general statement remains open.

References

Primary source

Nicolau Saldanha, Boris Shapiro and Michael Shapiro, “Grassmann convexity and multiplicative Sturm theory, revisited”, arXiv:1902.09741 (2020).

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