Conjecture on the exact recurrence orders for Stern's diatomic array sequences

Let ur(n)u_r(n) be the sequence associated with ArA_r, and let mo(r)\operatorname{mo}(r) denote the minimum order of a linear recurrence with constant coefficients satisfied by ur(n)u_r(n) for all sufficiently large nn.

Exact recurrence-order conjecture. The values are

mo(2)=2,mo(6)=4,\operatorname{mo}(2)=2,\qquad \operatorname{mo}(6)=4,

and otherwise

mo(2s)=2s3+3,s1,3,\operatorname{mo}(2s)=2\left\lfloor\frac{s}{3}\right\rfloor+3,\qquad s\neq 1,3, mo(6s+1)=2s+1,s0,\operatorname{mo}(6s+1)=2s+1,\qquad s\geq 0, mo(6s+3)=2s+1,s0,\operatorname{mo}(6s+3)=2s+1,\qquad s\geq 0, mo(6s+5)=2s+2,s0.\operatorname{mo}(6s+5)=2s+2,\qquad s\geq 0.

This is intended to be best possible after accounting for the conjectured eigenvalue multiplicities and the apparent superfluity of the eigenvalue 11 for even indices. It remains unproved in the source.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Richard P. Stanley, “Some Linear Recurrences Motivated by Stern's Diatomic Array”, arXiv:1901.04647 (2019).

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