Folklore conjecture on the fixed points of the Minkowski question mark function

For x[0,1]x\in[0,1], let ?(x)?(x) denote the Minkowski question mark function, defined for an irrational continued fraction x=[a1,a2,]x=[a_1,a_2,\ldots] by

?(x)=k=1(1)k+12a1++ak1,?(x)=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{k+1}}{2^{a_1+\cdots+a_k-1}},

and for rational xx by the corresponding finite sum. Folklore conjecture. The function ?(x)?(x) has exactly five fixed points. Moreover, there is exactly one irrational fixed point of ?(x)?(x) in the interval (0,12)(0,\frac{1}{2}). The existence of fixed points on either side of 12\frac12 follows from continuity and the values ?(0)=0?(0)=0, ?(12)=12?(\frac12)=\frac12, and ?(1)=1?(1)=1; the conjecture asserts the total number of fixed points and the uniqueness of the irrational fixed point in the left interval.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Dmitry Gayfulin and Nikita Shulga, “Diophantine properties of fixed points of Minkowski question mark function”, arXiv:1811.10139 (2019).

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