The quadratic-zero conjecture for positive semidefinite quartic forms

Let Pn,4P_{n,4} denote the space of homogeneous quartic forms on Rn\mathbb{R}^n, and let GPn,4G\in P_{n,4} be positive semidefinite if G(x)0G(x)\geq 0 for all xRnx\in\mathbb{R}^n. Suppose the set of spherical zeros of GG is a quadratic variety and a connected full submanifold of Rn\mathbb{R}^n with positive dimension and positive codimension in the sphere. The quadratic-zero conjecture. Then GG is a sum of squares of quadratic forms. This conjecture would provide a criterion ensuring that a positive semidefinite quartic form is sos from the geometry of its spherical zero set; the supplied status evidence gives a counterexample for positive semidefinite degree-66 forms with cubic spherical zeros, not for the quartic claim.

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Primary source

Jianquan Ge and Zizhou Tang, “Isoparametric polynomials and sums of squares”, arXiv:1811.05587 (2022).

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