Kräuter's rank bound conjecture for permanents of sign matrices

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Let F\mathbb{F} be a field of zero characteristics. For positive integers k,nk,n, let Mk,n(F)M_{k,n}(\mathbb{F}) be the set of kk-by-nn matrices over F\mathbb{F}, and let Mk,n(±1)M_{k,n}(\pm 1) be the subset whose entries are ±1\pm 1. Write Mn=Mn,nM_n=M_{n,n}, let rk⁡A\operatorname{rk} A denote the rank of AA, and let per⁡A\operatorname{per} A denote its permanent. For 0≤l≤k≤n0\leq l\leq k\leq n, define D(n,k,l)=(dij)∈Mk,n(±1)D_{(n,k,l)}=(d_{ij})\in M_{k,n}(\pm1) by

dij={−1,i=j and j∈{1,…,l},1,otherwise.d_{ij}=\begin{cases} -1, & i=j\text{ and }j\in\{1,\ldots,l\},\\ 1, & \text{otherwise.} \end{cases}

When n=kn=k, write D(n,n,l)=D(n,l)D_{(n,n,l)}=D_{(n,l)}. Kräuter's conjecture. Let A∈Mn(±1)A\in M_n(\pm1), where n≥5n\geq5 and rk⁡A=r+1\operatorname{rk} A=r+1 for some rr with 0≤r≤n−10\leq r\leq n-1. Then

∣per⁡A∣≤per⁡D(n,r).|\operatorname{per} A|\leq \operatorname{per}D_{(n,r)}.

Equality holds if and only if AA can be obtained from D(n,r)D_{(n,r)} by transposition, row or column permutations, and multiplication of rows or columns by −1-1. This conjecture would answer Wang's question by giving a sharp upper bound for the permanent of a sign matrix in terms of its rank; the stated source does not establish the claim, and its resolution status is not supplied here.

References

Primary source

Mikhail V. Budrevich and Alexander E. Guterman, “Kräuter conjecture on permanents is true”, arXiv:1810.04439 (2018).

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