Common-neighborhood and common-antineighborhood conjecture for dense graphs

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Let GG be a graph on nn vertices with edge density ε\varepsilon, meaning that GG has ε(n2)\varepsilon\binom{n}{2} edges, up to the interpretation of the source's phrase “ε\varepsilon fraction of the edges.” For a vertex xx, let N(x)N(x) be its neighborhood and let N‾(y)\overline{N}(y) be the complement of the neighborhood of yy. Common-neighborhood conjecture. There exist vertices x,y∈V(G)x,y\in V(G) and a subset S⊆V(G)S\subseteq V(G) such that

∣S∣≥ε(1−ε)n−O(1)|S|\geq \varepsilon(1-\varepsilon)n-O(1)

and

S⊆N(x)∩N‾(y).S\subseteq N(x)\cap\overline{N}(y).

The conjecture refines the preceding counting bound, which gives approximately 1−ε−(1−ε)\sqrt{1-\varepsilon}-(1-\varepsilon) times nn; for ε=0.5\varepsilon=0.5, the authors discuss improvements toward 0.25n0.25n, with Paley graphs showing that 0.25+o(1)0.25+o(1) is best possible. The supplied text does not state that this conjecture has been resolved.

References

Primary source

Matthew Bowen, Ander Lamaison and Alp Müyesser, “Finding unavoidable colorful patterns in multicolored graphs”, arXiv:1807.02780 (2020).

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