Laplacian spread conjecture for graphs

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Let GG be a simple graph of order n≥2n\ge 2, with Laplacian eigenvalues

0=λ1(G)≤λ2(G)≤⋯≤λn(G).0=\lambda_1(G)\le \lambda_2(G)\le \cdots\le \lambda_n(G).

The Laplacian spread conjecture. The inequality

λn(G)−λ2(G)≤n−1\lambda_n(G)-\lambda_2(G)\le n-1

holds, or equivalently

λ2(G)+λ2(G‾)≥1.\lambda_2(G)+\lambda_2(\overline G)\ge 1.

Moreover, equality holds if and only if GG or G‾\overline G is isomorphic to the join of an isolated vertex and a disconnected graph of order n−1n-1. The conjecture concerns the Laplacian spread, an extremal spectral invariant of a graph and its complement. The supplied text does not state whether the conjecture has been resolved.

References

Primary source

B. Afshari, S. Akbari, M. J. Moghaddamzadeh and B. Mohar, “The Algebraic Connectivity of a Graph and its Complement”, arXiv:1806.06770 (2018).

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