The rational points conjecture for the 3x+1 set

Let MM be the map used to embed Z2\mathbb Z_2 into [0,2][0,2], and let QQ be the 3x+1 conjugacy map. Define the 3x+1 set by

Q3x+1={(M(r),M(Q(r))):rZ2}R2.\mathbf Q_{3x+1}=\{(M(r),M(Q(r))):r\in\mathbb Z_2\}\subset\mathbb R^2.

A point of this set has rational coordinates when both coordinates are rational. Rational Points Conjecture. All points in Q3x+1\mathbf Q_{3x+1} have coordinates that are either both rational or both irrational. The source presents this as an immediate reformulation of the Periodicity Conjecture because rationality is preserved by MM.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Olivier Rozier, “Parity sequences of the 3x+1 map on the 2-adic integers and Euclidean embedding”, arXiv:1805.00133 (2025).

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