Fraenkel–Paterson–Simpson minimum non-equivalent abelian-square conjecture

For a binary linear word of length nn, let MNL(n)MNL(n) be the minimum number of non-equivalent abelian squares it contains. Fraenkel–Paterson–Simpson's conjecture. For every positive integer nn,

MNL(n)=n/4.MNL(n)=\lfloor n/4\rfloor.

When n=4k+3n=4k+3, the bound is attained only by a2k+1ba2k+1a^{2k+1}ba^{2k+1} and (ab)2k+1a(ab)^{2k+1}a, together with their complements; when nn is not congruent to 33 modulo 44, the extremal words are obtained by removing 11, 22, or 33 letters from an end. This conjecture concerns the sharp minimum and the equality cases for non-equivalent abelian squares in binary words.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jamie Simpson, “Solved and unsolved problems about abelian squares”, arXiv:1802.04481 (2018).

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