Prime correlation conjecture for Kloosterman sums and cusp-form eigenvalues

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Let ff be a fixed primitive cusp form, holomorphic or Maass, and let λf(p)\lambda_f(p) denote its Hecke eigenvalue at a prime pp. Write L=log⁡X\mathcal{L}=\log X. Prime correlation conjecture. For all sufficiently large XX,

∑p≤Xλf(p)Kl(1,p)=o(XL−1).\sum_{p\leq X}\lambda_f(p)\mathrm{Kl}(1,p)=o\left(X\mathcal{L}^{-1}\right).

The conjecture is proposed as a correlation estimate between Kloosterman sums and Hecke eigenvalues. If true, the source says it would imply that for 100%100\% of primes pp, one has λf(p)≠Kl(1,p)\lambda_f(p)\neq\mathrm{Kl}(1,p) for each primitive cusp form ff, giving a negative answer to Katz's modularity problem III. No resolution is given.

References

Primary source

Ping Xi, “When Kloosterman sums meet Hecke eigenvalues”, arXiv:1801.07658 (2019).

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