Multivariable Bateman–Horn conjecture

Let f1,,frZ[x1,,xn]f_1,\ldots,f_r\in\mathbb{Z}[x_1,\ldots,x_n] be irreducible polynomials such that i=1rfi\prod_{i=1}^r f_i has no repeated polynomial factors. Let BRn\mathcal{B}\subset\mathbb{R}^n be a non-empty box such that, writing fi0f_{i0} for the top-degree part of fif_i, one has

fi0(B)(1,)(1ir).f_{i0}(\mathcal{B})\subset(1,\infty)\qquad(1\leqslant i\leqslant r).

For P>0P>0, let πf1,,fr(PB)\pi_{f_1,\ldots,f_r}(P\mathcal{B}) be the cardinality of the set of integer vectors xZnPB\mathbf{x}\in\mathbb{Z}^n\cap P\mathcal{B} for which every f1(x),,fr(x)f_1(\mathbf{x}),\ldots,f_r(\mathbf{x}) is a positive prime number.

Multivariable Bateman–Horn conjecture. As P+P\to+\infty,

πf1,,fr(PB)(p prime1pn#{xFpn:f1(x)fr(x)=0}(11/p)r)PBdxi=1rlogfi0(x).\pi_{f_1,\ldots,f_r}(P\mathcal{B})\sim\left(\prod_{p\ \text{prime}}\frac{1-p^{-n}\#\{\mathbf{x}\in\mathbb{F}_p^n:f_1(\mathbf{x})\cdots f_r(\mathbf{x})=0\}}{(1-1/p)^r}\right)\int_{P\mathcal{B}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\mathbf{x}}{\prod_{i=1}^r\log f_{i0}(\mathbf{x})}.

This is the proposed extension of the Bateman–Horn heuristic from one variable to arbitrarily many variables. It predicts the asymptotic density of simultaneous prime values in expanding boxes and is open in general.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Kevin Destagnol and Efthymios Sofos, “Rational points and prime values of polynomials in moderately many variables”, arXiv:1801.03082 (2019).

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