The conjectural bounded-distance estimate beyond the square-spacing threshold

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Let a≥0a\ge0, d≥1d\ge1, and N≥1N\ge1 be integers, and define

δ=min⁡0≤n≤N, m∈Z∣a+nd−m2∣.\delta=\min_{0\le n\le N,\,m\in\mathbb Z}|a+nd-m^2|.

Assume that a≤(Nd−12)2a\le\left(\frac{Nd-1}{2}\right)^2 and N>d+2aN>d+2\sqrt a. The conjectural bounded-distance estimate. For every ϵ>0\epsilon>0,

δ≪ϵdϵ.\delta\ll_\epsilon d^\epsilon.

Here the interval contains more squares than residue classes modulo dd, but additional squares need not produce new residues. This is the complementary range of the preceding distance conjecture and is presented as a consequence of applying it at the threshold.

References

Primary source

Tsz Ho Chan, “Distance between arithmetic progressions and perfect squares”, arXiv:1801.01605 (2018).

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