The real-rootedness criterion for concavity of symmetric-polynomial sums

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Let n,p∈N∗n,p\in\mathbb{N}^*, let Γn\Gamma_n be the positive cone, and let a→=(a0,…,ap)∈(R+)p+1\overrightarrow{a}=(a_0,\ldots,a_p)\in(\mathbb{R}_+)^{p+1}. Set

fa→=a0+a1σ1+⋯+apσp,f_{\overrightarrow{a}}=a_0+a_1\sigma_1+\cdots+a_p\sigma_p,

and let its diagonal restriction be

fˉa→(X)=∑k=0pak(nk)Xk.\bar f_{\overrightarrow{a}}(X)=\sum_{k=0}^p a_k\binom{n}{k}X^k.

Real-rootedness concavity conjecture. If fˉa→\bar f_{\overrightarrow{a}} is real-rooted, then fa→f_{\overrightarrow{a}} is 1p\frac1p-concave on Γn\Gamma_n; equivalently, Ξnp⊂Knp\Xi_n^p\subset\mathcal{K}_n^p. This is presented as a weaker version of the diagonal concavity conjecture and remains unproved in the paper.

References

Primary source

Xavier Lachaume, “On the concavity of a sum of elementary symmetric polynomials”, arXiv:1712.10327 (2017).

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