The average Second Neighborhood Conjecture for Eulerian digraphs

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Let DD be an Eulerian digraph with no loops or digons. For each vertex v∈V(D)v\in V(D), let N+(v)N^{+}(v) and N+2(v)N^{+2}(v) denote its first and second out-neighborhoods, respectively. Average Second Neighborhood Conjecture.

∑v∈V(D)∣N+2(v)∣≥∑v∈V(D)∣N+(v)∣.\sum_{v\in V(D)}|N^{+2}(v)|\geq \sum_{v\in V(D)}|N^{+}(v)|.

Equivalently, the average size of the second out-neighborhood is at least the average size of the first out-neighborhood. The supplied source attributes this conjecture to Conjecture 6.15 of Sullivan and gives no evidence that it has been resolved.

References

Primary source

Michael Cary, “Vertices with the Second Neighborhood Property in Eulerian Digraphs”, arXiv:1711.01189 (2019).

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