Schinzel's non-cyclotomic factorization conjecture

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Let F∈Q[x±1]F\in\mathbb{Q}[{\boldsymbol{x}}^{\pm1}] be a non-cyclotomic irreducible Laurent polynomial. Let ⟨c,a⟩\langle{\boldsymbol{c}},{\boldsymbol{a}}\rangle denote the scalar product of vectors in Zn\mathbb{Z}^n, and let cyc⁡(G)\operatorname{cyc}(G) denote the cyclotomic part of a Laurent polynomial GG.

Schinzel's non-cyclotomic factorization conjecture. There are finite sets Ω0⊂Zn×n\Omega^0\subset\mathbb{Z}^{n\times n} of nonsingular matrices and Γ⊂Zn\Gamma\subset\mathbb{Z}^n of nonzero vectors such that, for every a∈Zn{\boldsymbol{a}}\in\mathbb{Z}^n, either there is c∈Γ{\boldsymbol{c}}\in\Gamma with ⟨c,a⟩=0\langle{\boldsymbol{c}},{\boldsymbol{a}}\rangle=0, or there are M∈Ω0M\in\Omega^0 and b∈Zn{\boldsymbol{b}}\in\mathbb{Z}^n with a=Mb{\boldsymbol{a}}=M{\boldsymbol{b}} such that, if F(xM)=∏PPePF({\boldsymbol{x}}^M)=\prod_P P^{e_P} is its irreducible factorization, then

F(ta)cyc⁡(F(ta))=∏P(P(tb)cyc⁡(P(tb)))eP\frac{F(t^{\boldsymbol{a}})}{\operatorname{cyc}(F(t^{\boldsymbol{a}}))}=\prod_P\left(\frac{P(t^{\boldsymbol{b}})}{\operatorname{cyc}(P(t^{\boldsymbol{b}}))}\right)^{e_P}

is the irreducible factorization of F(ta)/cyc⁡(F(ta))F(t^{\boldsymbol{a}})/\operatorname{cyc}(F(t^{\boldsymbol{a}})).

The conjecture gives a uniform factorization pattern away from finitely many orthogonality hyperplanes, after removing cyclotomic factors. The supplied text attributes it to Schinzel and does not resolve its status.

References

Primary source

Francesco Amoroso and Martín Sombra, “Factorization of bivariate sparse polynomials”, arXiv:1710.11479 (2018).

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