The conjectural two-dimensional Gaussian free field fluctuation theorem for random height functions

From papers

Assume the notation of Theorem TCLT. Let H(qt,v)\mathcal{H}(q^{-t},v) be the random height function, let Pε\mathbb{P}_\varepsilon denote its law, and let Ω\Omega be the map to the upper half-plane associated with the ellipse Q~(u,v)=0\tilde{Q}(u,v)=0. For each uu, let a(u)a(u) and b(u)b(u) be the vv-coordinates where the vertical line through uu intersects this ellipse. For polynomials fiR[x]f_i\in\mathbb{R}[x], numbers ui(1,qT)u_i\in(1,q^{-T}), and sequences ti(ε)t_i(\varepsilon) satisfying qti(ε)=ui+O(ε)q^{-t_i(\varepsilon)}=u_i+O(\varepsilon), define the centered averages

Rπ(H(qti,v)EPε[H(qti,v)])fi(v)dv.\int_{\mathbb{R}}\sqrt{\pi}\left(\mathcal{H}(q^{-t_i},v)-\mathbb{E}_{\mathbb{P}_\varepsilon}[\mathcal{H}(q^{-t_i},v)]\right)f_i(v)\,dv.

Conjectural two-dimensional fluctuation theorem. The centered random height function, multiplied by π\sqrt{\pi}, converges in distribution to the pullback under Ω\Omega of the Gaussian free field with Dirichlet boundary conditions on the upper half-plane H\mathbb{H}. More precisely, the preceding averages converge jointly to the corresponding GFF averages

a(ui)b(ui)F(Ω(ui,y))fi(y)dy,\int_{a(u_i)}^{b(u_i)}\mathcal{F}(\Omega(u_i,y))f_i(y)\,dy,

which form a centered Gaussian vector (X1,,Xm)(X_1,\ldots,X_m) with covariance

E[XiXj]=a(ui)b(ui)a(uj)b(uj)fi(x)fj(y)(12πlogΩ(ui,x)Ω(uj,y)Ω(ui,x)Ω(uj,y))dxdy.\mathbb{E}[X_iX_j]=\int_{a(u_i)}^{b(u_i)}\int_{a(u_j)}^{b(u_j)}f_i(x)f_j(y)\left(-\frac{1}{2\pi}\log\left|\frac{\Omega(u_i,x)-\Omega(u_j,y)}{\Omega(u_i,x)-\overline{\Omega}(u_j,y)}\right|\right)\,dx\,dy.

This is presented as a conjectural two-dimensional extension of the paper's one-dimensional fluctuation theorem. It predicts Gaussian free field fluctuations for the height function after the appropriate macroscopic scaling and conformal pullback; the statement itself does not provide a proof or resolution.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Evgeni Dimitrov and Alisa Knizel, “Log-gases on a quadratic lattice via discrete loop equations and q-boxed plane partitions”, arXiv:1710.01709 (2018).

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