Major-index Wilf classes are generated by inversion

Let MIn(π;q)M\mathcal I_n(\pi;q) denote the major-index generating function over involutions in Sn\mathfrak S_n avoiding a pattern π\pi, and let [π]MI[\pi]_{M\mathcal I} denote the corresponding MIM\mathcal I-Wilf equivalence class. Let r1(π)=π1r_1(\pi)=\pi^{-1}. A permutation is an involution when it equals its inverse. Major-index Wilf-class conjecture. The only non-singleton MIM\mathcal I-Wilf equivalence classes are

[π]MI={π,r1(π)}[\pi]_{M\mathcal I}=\{\pi,r_1(\pi)\}

when π\pi is not an involution. The claim predicts that, apart from a pattern and its inverse, no distinct patterns are MIM\mathcal I-Wilf equivalent. The paper notes that this is supported by computational data, while the length-three case is proved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Samantha Dahlberg, “Permutation Statistics and Pattern Avoidance in Involutions”, arXiv:1709.08252 (2017).

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