Maximal differential uniformity distribution conjecture for polynomials over finite fields

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Let nn be a positive integer, set q=2nq=2^n, and let f∈F2n[x]f\in\mathbb{F}_{2^n}[x] be a polynomial of degree m>4m>4. Define its differential uniformity by

δ(f):=max⁡(α,β)∈F2n∗×F2n♯{x∈F2n∣f(x+α)+f(x)=β}.\delta(f):=\max_{(\alpha,\beta)\in\mathbb{F}_{2^n}^{\ast}\times\mathbb{F}_{2^n}}\sharp\{x\in\mathbb{F}_{2^n}\mid f(x+\alpha)+f(x)=\beta\}.

Maximal differential uniformity distribution conjecture. There exists εm>0\varepsilon_m>0 such that, for all sufficiently large nn, at least εm22n\varepsilon_m2^{2n} pairs (α,β)∈F2n∗×F2n(\alpha,\beta)\in\mathbb{F}_{2^n}^{\ast}\times\mathbb{F}_{2^n} satisfy

♯{x∈F2n∣f(x+α)+f(x)=β}=δ(f).\sharp\{x\in\mathbb{F}_{2^n}\mid f(x+\alpha)+f(x)=\beta\}=\delta(f).

The conjecture asserts that a positive proportion, depending only on the degree, of differential inputs attain the polynomial's maximal differential uniformity. The supplied evidence marks this statement as resolved; the surrounding discussion relates it to earlier results showing that maximal differential uniformity is typical for suitable degrees.

References

Primary source

Yves Aubry, Fabien Herbaut and Jose Felipe Voloch, “Maximal differential uniformity polynomials”, arXiv:1708.01940 (2018).

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