Kippenhahn's conjecture on hermitian matrix algebras

Let HH and KK be hermitian 2n×2n2n\times 2n matrices, and let

f=det(xH+yK+I)R[x,y].f=\det(xH+yK+I)\in\mathbb{R}[x,y].

Let A\mathcal{A} be the algebra generated by HH and KK. If there exists gC[x,y]g\in\mathbb{C}[x,y] such that f=gkf=g^k, then there is a unitary matrix UU such that

U(xH+yK)UU^{*}(xH+yK)U

is block diagonal, and hence AMn(C)\mathcal{A}\neq M_n(\mathbb{C}).

Kippenhahn's conjecture. The algebra generated by HH and KK cannot be the full algebra M2n(C)M_{2n}(\mathbb{C}).

The conjecture concerns the relationship between repeated factors in the determinant polynomial of a linear pencil of hermitian matrices and reducibility of the algebra they generate. The surrounding argument establishes that, in the considered structured setting, every real linear combination xH+yKxH+yK has eigenvalues of even multiplicity; the supplied text does not state whether the conjecture has been resolved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ben Lawrence, “Burnside graphs, algebras generated by sets of matrices, and the Kippenhahn Conjecture”, arXiv:1707.06748 (2017).

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