Distribution conjecture for Hasse failures on Markoff-type cubic surfaces

For each integer k0k\geq 0, let h(k)\mathfrak{h}(k) be the associated class number, and call kk admissible when it satisfies the paper's admissibility condition. For K0K\geq 0, let C0>0C_0>0, let Ct>0C_t>0 for each t1t\geq 1, and let θ\theta satisfy

12<θ<1.\frac{1}{2}<\theta<1.

Distribution conjecture. The number of Hasse failures for 0kK0\leq k\leq K satisfies

{0kK:h(k)=0 and k admissible}C0Kθ.\left|\left\{0\leq k\leq K:\mathfrak{h}(k)=0\ \text{and}\ k\ \text{admissible}\right\}\right|\sim C_0K^{\theta}.

More generally, for t1t\geq 1,

{0kK:h(k)=t}CtKθ.\left|\left\{0\leq k\leq K:\mathfrak{h}(k)=t\right\}\right|\sim C_tK^{\theta}.

This conjecture predicts a power-law distribution for the number of Hasse failures and, more generally, for parameters having any fixed positive class number. The source gives numerical motivation but no resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Amit Ghosh and Peter Sarnak, “Integral points on Markoff type cubic surfaces”, arXiv:1706.06712 (2022).

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