Sign-exception density conjecture for tm(n)t_m(n)

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Let tm(n)t_m(n) be the coefficient sequence in the paper. For a positive integer m≥2m\geq2 and j∈{0,1}j\in\{0,1\}, define

Am,j={n∈N:sgn⁡tm(3n+j)≠(−1)j}.\mathcal{A}_{m,j}=\{n\in\mathbb{N}: \operatorname{sgn} t_m(3n+j)\neq(-1)^j\}.

Sign-exception density conjecture. The sets Am,j\mathcal{A}_{m,j} are infinite and have asymptotic density zero:

lim⁡n→+∞#(Am,j∩{0,1,…,n−1})n=0.\lim_{n\to +\infty}\frac{\#(\mathcal{A}_{m,j}\cap\{0,1,\ldots,n-1\})}{n}=0.

The conjecture refines the observed predominant signs tm(3n)>0t_m(3n)>0 and tm(3n+1)<0t_m(3n+1)<0 by asserting infinitely many exceptions but density zero. The paper provides numerical motivation but no proof.

References

Primary source

Maciej Gawron, Piotr Miska and Maciej Ulas, “Arithmetic properties of coefficients of power series expansion of _n=0^(1-x^2^n)^t (with an Appendix by Andrzej Schinzel)”, arXiv:1703.01955 (2017).

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