Three-dimensional density of singular hyperbolicity

Let MM be a three-dimensional manifold, let X1(M){\cal X}^1(M) denote the space of C1C^1 vector fields on MM, and call a vector field singular hyperbolic when its chain-recurrent set is a finite union of singular-hyperbolic sets. Density conjecture. If dim(M)=3\operatorname{dim}(M)=3, any vector field can be approximated in X1(M){\cal X}^1(M) by singular hyperbolic ones. This is presented as a C1C^1 analogue of Smale's conjecture for surface diffeomorphisms; even for nonsingular vector fields, the source says it is open and interprets it as asserting density of hyperbolicity.

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Primary source

Sylvain Crovisier and Dawei Yang, “Homoclinic tangencies and singular hyperbolicity for three-dimensional vector fields”, arXiv:1702.05994 (2018).

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