Dehomogenized S4-Conjecture for bivariate degree-four and degree-two polynomials

Let ff be a polynomial of degree 44 in R[x1,x2]\mathbb{R}[\mathrm{x}_1,\mathrm{x}_2] and let gg be a polynomial of degree 22 in R[x1,x2]\mathbb{R}[\mathrm{x}_1,\mathrm{x}_2]. Suppose there exists xR2x'\in\mathbb{R}^2 such that g(x)>0g(x')>0. Write

S(h)={xR2:h(x)0}S(h)=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^2:h(x)\geq 0\}

for the non-negativity set of a polynomial hh. Dehomogenized S4-Conjecture. The following statements are equivalent: (a) S(g)S(f)S(g)\subseteq S(f); (b) there exists a non-negative polynomial tR[x1,x2]2t\in\mathbb{R}[\mathrm{x}_1,\mathrm{x}_2]_2 such that

f(x)t(x)g(x)0f(x)-t(x)g(x)\geq 0

for all xR2x\in\mathbb{R}^2. The conjecture is refuted: the source gives explicit counterexamples, including f~=x13+x13x2+x22\tilde f=\mathrm{x}_1^3+\mathrm{x}_1^3\mathrm{x}_2+\mathrm{x}_2^2 and g~=x1+x2+x1x2\tilde g=\mathrm{x}_1+\mathrm{x}_2+\mathrm{x}_1\mathrm{x}_2.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Philipp Jukic, “Higher degree S-lemma and the stability of quadratic modules”, arXiv:1701.07013 (2017).

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