The prime-orbit decomposition conjecture for vanishing sums of roots of unity

Let μ2k+1\mu_{2k+1} denote the set of (2k+1)(2k+1)-th roots of unity. For every prime factor pp of 2k+12k+1 and βp[0:2k+1p1]\beta_p\in\left[0:\frac{2k+1}{p}-1\right], let

Op,βp:={ζβp,ζ2k+1p+βp,ζ2(2k+1)p+βp,,ζ(p1)(2k+1)p+βp}O_{p,\beta_p}:=\left\{\zeta^{\beta_p},\zeta^{\frac{2k+1}{p}+\beta_p},\zeta^{\frac{2(2k+1)}{p}+\beta_p},\dots,\zeta^{\frac{(p-1)(2k+1)}{p}+\beta_p}\right\}

be the corresponding pp-orbit of (2k+1)(2k+1)-th roots of unity, whose elements sum to zero. Prime-orbit decomposition conjecture. Any subset of μ2k+1\mu_{2k+1} with sum zero is a disjoint union

⨿jOpj,βpj,\amalg_j O_{p_j,\beta_{p_j}},

where each Opj,βpjO_{p_j,\beta_{p_j}} is a pjp_j-orbit and pjp_j is a prime factor of 2k+12k+1. The claim proposes a general structural description of vanishing subsets of roots of unity; the supplied text gives no evidence that it has been proved or disproved, so its status remains open.

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Primary source

Kai Wan, Daniela Tuninetti, Mingyue Ji and Pablo Piantanida, “Combination Networks with End-user-caches: Novel Achievable and Converse Bounds under Uncoded Cache Placement”, arXiv:1701.06884 (2021).

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