Fourier-transform asymptotic expansion conjecture for the Painlevé I tau function

From papers

Let q(tν)q(t\,|\,\boldsymbol\nu) be a Painlevé I function with Stokes parameters ν\boldsymbol\nu, and let Rk\mathcal R_k be a ray on which tt\to\infty. Define

x=2414(e2πik5πit)54.x=24^{\frac14}\left(e^{\frac{2\pi i k}{5}-\pi i}t\right)^{\frac54}.

Let G(z)G(z) denote the Barnes GG-function, and let Ck(ν)\mathcal C_k(\boldsymbol\nu), Bj(ν)B_j(\nu) be the coefficients appearing in the asymptotic expansion. Fourier-transform asymptotic expansion conjecture. The asymptotic expansion of the Painlevé I tau function τ(tν)\tau(t\,|\,\boldsymbol\nu) as tt\to\infty along Rk\mathcal R_k has the structure

τ(tν)Ck(ν)x160ex245nZe2πinνk+1B(νk+n,x),\tau(t\,|\,\boldsymbol\nu)\simeq \mathcal C_k(\boldsymbol\nu)x^{-\frac{1}{60}}e^{\frac{x^2}{45}}\sum_{n\in\mathbb Z}e^{2\pi in\nu_{k+1}}\mathcal B(\nu_k+n,x),

where

B(ν,x)C(ν)xν22e45iνx[1+k=1Bk(ν)xk],\mathcal B(\nu,x)\simeq C(\nu)x^{-\frac{\nu^2}{2}}e^{\frac45 i\nu x}\left[1+\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{B_k(\nu)}{x^k}\right],

and

C(ν)=48ν22(2π)ν2eiπν24G(1+ν).C(\nu)=48^{-\frac{\nu^2}{2}}(2\pi)^{-\frac\nu2}e^{-\frac{i\pi\nu^2}{4}}G(1+\nu).

The formula is a precise conjectural description of the Painlevé I tau-function asymptotics, refining the corresponding asymptotics of the Painlevé I solution. It was verified by explicitly calculating more than 50 terms in the asymptotic expansion of τ(tν)\tau(t\,|\,\boldsymbol\nu), so the conjecture is considered solved in the source.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

O. Lisovyy and J. Roussillon, “On the connection problem for Painlevé I”, arXiv:1612.08382 (2016).

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