Sandpile group distribution conjecture for random directed graphs

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Let Γ(n)\Gamma(n) be a sequence of ϵ\epsilon-balanced random digraphs, and let S(Γ(n))S(\Gamma(n)) denote its total sandpile group. Let GG be a finite abelian group, and define

Q=∏p prime∏k=2∞(1−p−k).Q=\prod_{p\text{ prime}}\prod_{k=2}^{\infty}(1-p^{-k}).

Sandpile group distribution conjecture. For every finite abelian group GG,

lim⁡n→∞P(S(Γ(n))=G)=Q∣G∣∣Aut⁡(G)∣.\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}{\mathbb P}(S(\Gamma(n))=G)=\frac{Q}{|G||\operatorname{Aut}(G)|}.

The preceding results establish convergence for every fixed finite set of prime-primary components, but do not control the entire sandpile group; the conjecture asserts that these restrictions are unnecessary. If true, it would also imply that the probability of being coeulerian converges to QQ.

References

Primary source

Shaked Koplewitz, “Sandpile groups and the coeulerian property for random directed graphs”, arXiv:1611.06444 (2016).

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