Dickman distribution conjecture for large Hecke factors

For primes pp\ne\ell, let Dp=dimQS2(Γ0(p);Q)D_p=\dim_{\mathbb{Q}}S_2(\Gamma_0(p);\mathbb{Q}), let Dp±=dimQS2(Γ0(p);Q)±D_p^\pm=\dim_{\mathbb{Q}}S_2(\Gamma_0(p);\mathbb{Q})^\pm, and define

Y(p)=1DpdegFpΦ~p,(X),Y±(p)=1Dp±degFpΦ~p,±(X),Y_\ell(p)=\frac{1}{D_p}\deg_{\mathbb{F}_p}^*\widetilde{\Phi}_{p,\ell}(X),\qquad Y_\ell^\pm(p)=\frac{1}{D_p^\pm}\deg_{\mathbb{F}_p}^*\widetilde{\Phi}_{p,\ell}^\pm(X),

where the tilded polynomials are the characteristic polynomials of TT_\ell on the indicated spaces. Let ρ\rho be the Dickman function, defined by ρ(u)=1\rho(u)=1 for u(0,1]u\in(0,1] and ρ(u)=u1u1uρ(t)dt\rho(u)=u^{-1}\int_{u-1}^u\rho(t)\,dt for u>1u>1. Dickman distribution conjecture. For any fixed prime \ell,

limX#{p[X,2X]:p prime, Y(p)y}#{p[X,2X]:p prime}=ρ(12y)2.\lim_{X\to\infty}\frac{\#\{p\in[X,2X]:p\text{ prime},\ Y_\ell(p)\leq y\}}{\#\{p\in[X,2X]:p\text{ prime}\}}=\rho\left(\frac{1}{2y}\right)^2.

This is the precise distributional prediction derived from the random-permutation model; it describes the asymptotic distribution of the normalized largest irreducible Hecke factor.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Michael Lipnowski and George J. Schaeffer, “Detecting large simple rational Hecke modules for Γ_0(N) via congruences”, arXiv:1610.09690 (2016).

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