Conjectural Gauss-sum formula for the Walsh transform of binomial Boolean functions

For nu=2nu=2, let aF2m1a\in\mathbb{F}_{2^{m_1}}^* satisfy Km1(a)1(mod3)K_{m_1}(a)\equiv1\pmod 3, let bF4b\in\mathbb{F}_4^*, and let ωF2m0\omega\in\mathbb{F}_{2^{m_0}}^*. Define γ=bψm1(w2)\gamma=b\psi_{m_1}(w_2), where ψm1\psi_{m_1} is the cubic multiplicative character, and let faf_a and S2(a,b,ω)S_2(a,b,\omega) be the functions and sum defined in the source.

Conjectural Gauss-sum formula. There exists a Boolean function ha,b(ω)h_{a,b}(\omega) such that

S2(a,b,ω)=2m2+1Km1(a)32fa(w11)2m2+113ha,b(ω)χ(fa(w11))2m2,S_2(a,b,\omega)=\frac{2^{m_2+1}-K_{m_1}(a)}{3}-2f_a(w_1^{-1})\frac{2^{m_2+1}-1}{3}-h_{a,b}(\omega)\chi\left(f_a(w_1^{-1})\right)2^{m_2},

and, for ω0\omega\ne0,

χfa,b^(ω)=χ(ha,b(ω)fa(w11))2m1+4Km1(a)3.\widehat{\chi_{f_{a,b}}}(\omega)=\chi\left(h_{a,b}(\omega)f_a(w_1^{-1})\right)2^{m_1}+\frac{4-K_{m_1}(a)}{3}.

The source reports experimental evidence for this relation because the preceding methods do not handle the general case w11w_1\ne1. The formula would relate the general Walsh transform to the subfield case and is intended to support the bentness criterion; no proof is supplied.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jean-Pierre Flori, “A conjecture about Gauss sums and bentness of binomial Boolean functions”, arXiv:1608.05008 (2016).

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