The Covering Conjecture for standard tt-ary expansions

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Let tt be an integer with t≥2t\geq 2, and let nn and dd be positive integers. For an element of Z/(tn−1)Z{\mathbb Z}/(t^n-1){\mathbb Z}, write its standard tt-ary expansion with digits in the range 0≤ai<t0\leq a_i<t. Say that bb covers aa, written a⪯ba\preceq b, when every digit of aa is at most the corresponding digit of bb; write a≺ba\prec b when bb strictly covers aa. Covering Conjecture. If dd modulo tn−1t^n-1 is neither zero nor a power of tt, then there exist nonzero a,b∈Z/(tn−1)Za,b\in{\mathbb Z}/(t^n-1){\mathbb Z} such that

a≺banddb≺da.a\prec b\quad\text{and}\quad db\prec da.

This elementary number-theoretic conjecture would provide an alternative proof of the universal bound for the relevant Weil-sum valuations. Its general status is open.

References

Primary source

Daniel J. Katz, Philippe Langevin, Sangman Lee and Yakov Sapozhnikov, “The p-Adic Valuations of Weil Sums of Binomials”, arXiv:1608.04047 (2017).

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