Existence of arbitrarily high-order periods for the complex rational delay recurrence

Let zn+1=α+βznkγznz_{n+1}=\frac{\alpha+\beta z_{n-k}}{\gamma-z_n} be the complex rational delay difference equation, with parameters α\alpha, β\beta, γ\gamma and delay kk. A period pp is the length of a periodic solution of this recurrence. Higher-order-period conjecture. There exist as many higher-order periods of the difference equation as are demanded. The claim is motivated by numerical examples exhibiting periods associated with the delay term; the supplied text does not state a proof or a precise range of parameters.

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Primary source

Sk. Sarif Hassan, “Dynamics of the complex rational delay recursive sequence z_n+1=α+βz_n-kγ- z_n”, arXiv:1606.08887 (2016).

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