Conjectured decomposition of level-kk Dyck vectors

Fix an integer kgeq0k geq 0. For each ngeq0n geq 0 and each μiuaPar(k)\mu iu a\text{Par}(k), let DVn,k\mathcal{DV}_{n,k} denote the set of level-kk Dyck vectors of length nn. For a partition λ\lambda, \textscdyck(λ)\textsc{dyck}(\lambda) is the associated Dyck vector, and λ\lambda' is its conjugate partition. Two subsets are opposite when corresponding objects have their area and dinv interchanged. The map ιn\iota_n is the injection from the stated inclusion of Dyck-vector sets.

Conjectured decomposition. There exist possibly identical subsets DVn,μ\mathcal{DV}_{n,\mu} and DVn,μ\overline{\mathcal{DV}}_{n,\mu} of DVn,k\mathcal{DV}_{n,k} such that: (a) each of the two families, indexed by μiuPar(k)\mu iu \operatorname{Par}(k), is a disjoint partition of DVn,k\mathcal{DV}_{n,k}; (b) DVn,μ\mathcal{DV}_{n,\mu} and DVn,μ\overline{\mathcal{DV}}_{n,\mu} are opposite; (c) membership of \textscdyck(λ)\textsc{dyck}(\lambda) in the first \implies membership of \textscdyck(λ)\textsc{dyck}(\lambda') in the second; (d) the injection ιn\iota_n maps each family into its corresponding family at level n+1n+1; and (e) both family sizes tend to infinity as nn tends to infinity.

This is a proposed structural decomposition intended to explain the symmetry of the level-kk q,tq,t-Catalan objects. The authors state that the conjectures are proved for kique9k ique 9, while the general assertion remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Kyungyong Lee, Li Li and Nicholas A. Loehr, “A Combinatorial Approach to the Symmetry of q,t-Catalan Numbers”, arXiv:1602.01126 (2016).

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