Conjectured decomposition of level-kk Dyck vectors

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Fix an integer kgeq0k geq 0. For each ngeq0n geq 0 and each μiuaPar(k)\mu iu a\text{Par}(k), let DVn,k\mathcal{DV}_{n,k} denote the set of level-kk Dyck vectors of length nn. For a partition λ\lambda, \textscdyck(λ)\textsc{dyck}(\lambda) is the associated Dyck vector, and λ′\lambda' is its conjugate partition. Two subsets are opposite when corresponding objects have their area and dinv interchanged. The map ιn\iota_n is the injection from the stated inclusion of Dyck-vector sets.

Conjectured decomposition. There exist possibly identical subsets DVn,μ\mathcal{DV}_{n,\mu} and DV‾n,μ\overline{\mathcal{DV}}_{n,\mu} of DVn,k\mathcal{DV}_{n,k} such that: (a) each of the two families, indexed by μiuPar⁡(k)\mu iu \operatorname{Par}(k), is a disjoint partition of DVn,k\mathcal{DV}_{n,k}; (b) DVn,μ\mathcal{DV}_{n,\mu} and DV‾n,μ\overline{\mathcal{DV}}_{n,\mu} are opposite; (c) membership of \textscdyck(λ)\textsc{dyck}(\lambda) in the first \implies membership of \textscdyck(λ′)\textsc{dyck}(\lambda') in the second; (d) the injection ιn\iota_n maps each family into its corresponding family at level n+1n+1; and (e) both family sizes tend to infinity as nn tends to infinity.

This is a proposed structural decomposition intended to explain the symmetry of the level-kk q,tq,t-Catalan objects. The authors state that the conjectures are proved for kique9k ique 9, while the general assertion remains open.

References

Primary source

Kyungyong Lee, Li Li and Nicholas A. Loehr, “A Combinatorial Approach to the Symmetry of q,t-Catalan Numbers”, arXiv:1602.01126 (2016).

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