Factorial decay conjecture for roots of sparse polynomials

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Let F1(p,t)\mathcal{F}_1(p,t) be the family of polynomials over Fp\mathbb{F}_p with exactly tt nonzero terms and normalized as in the paper. Let F1(p,t,r)\mathcal{F}_1(p,t,r) denote the subfamily whose members have exactly rr distinct nonzero roots, and write R(f)R(f) for the number of such roots.

Factorial decay conjecture. There exists a constant γ>0\gamma>0 such that

∣F1(p,t,r)∣∣F1(p,t)∣≤(1r!)γ\frac{|\mathcal{F}_1(p,t,r)|}{|\mathcal{F}_1(p,t)|}\leq\left(\frac{1}{r!}\right)^\gamma

for all prime pp, t∈Nt\in\mathbb{N}, and r∈Nr\in\mathbb{N}.

This conjecture formalizes the heuristic that the number of nonzero terms and the number of nonzero roots are statistically independent for a random sparse polynomial. The source reports computational evidence for related logarithmic root bounds but does not state a resolution.

References

Primary source

Zander Kelley, “Roots of Sparse Polynomials over a Finite Field”, arXiv:1602.00208 (2016).

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