Period-two conjecture for the complex rational difference equation

Let (zn)(z_n) be a solution of the difference equation

zn+1=α+αzn+βzn11+zn,z_{n+1}=\frac{\alpha+\alpha z_n+\beta z_{n-1}}{1+z_n},

with arbitrary initial values and parameters α\alpha and β\beta satisfying β=α+1\beta=\alpha+1. Period-two conjecture. All solutions are periodic of period 22.

The paper notes that this observation is supported by numerical experiments and is a result when the parameters and initial values are real; the claim for arbitrary complex parameters and initial values is presented as a conjecture.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Sk. Sarif Hassan, “Dynamics of z_n+1=α+ αz_n+βz_n-11+z_n in Complex Plane”, arXiv:1511.04363 (2015).

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