The square-free values density conjecture for polynomials at primes

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Let f∈Z[x]f\in\mathbb Z[x] be a polynomial with no repeated factor. Assume that for every prime pp there is an integer npn_p such that p2p^2 does not divide f(np)f(n_p). Let ρf(d)\rho_f(d) denote the number of invertible residue classes xx modulo dd satisfying f(x)≡0(modd)f(x)\equiv 0\pmod d, and let Pf,2(x)\mathcal P_{f,2}(x) be the set of primes p≤xp\leq x for which f(p)f(p) is square-free. Write π(x)\pi(x) for the number of primes at most xx.

Square-free values density conjecture. As x→∞x\to\infty,

∣Pf,2(x)∣∼cf,2π(x),|\mathcal P_{f,2}(x)|\sim c_{f,2}\pi(x),

where the positive density is

cf,2=∏p(1−ρf(p2)p2−p).c_{f,2}=\prod_p\left(1-\frac{\rho_f(p^2)}{p^2-p}\right).

This refines the assertion that infinitely many square-free values occur at primes by predicting their natural density. The source presents it as conjectural; the supplied text gives no resolution for the full statement.

References

Primary source

Guy Lando, “Square-free values of polynomials evaluated at primes over a function field”, arXiv:1409.7633 (2015).

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