The irreducibility characterization of primitive nonnegative tensors

Let A\mathbb{A} be a nonnegative tensor of order mm and dimension nn. A tensor is irreducible if there is no nonempty proper subset I{1,,n}I\subset\{1,\ldots,n\} such that

ci1im=0i1I, i2,,imI.c_{i_1\ldots i_m}=0\qquad\forall i_1\in I,\ \forall i_2,\ldots,i_m\notin I.

A tensor is jj-primitive when its jj-primitive degree is finite, equivalently when some tensor power has the relevant positivity in column jj.

Irreducibility characterization conjecture. A nonnegative tensor A\mathbb{A} is primitive if and only if A\mathbb{A} is irreducible and there exists some j[n]j\in[n] such that A\mathbb{A} is jj-primitive.

For matrices, the corresponding characterization follows from strong connectivity of the associated digraph and the period-one condition. The source proposes the tensor analogue; no resolution is given in the supplied text.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Pingzhi Yuan, Zilong He and Lihua You, “New result and some open problems on the primitive degree of nonnegative tensors”, arXiv:1408.3457 (2014).

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