The irreducibility characterization of primitive nonnegative tensors

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Let A\mathbb{A} be a nonnegative tensor of order mm and dimension nn. A tensor is irreducible if there is no nonempty proper subset I⊂{1,…,n}I\subset\{1,\ldots,n\} such that

ci1…im=0∀i1∈I, ∀i2,…,im∉I.c_{i_1\ldots i_m}=0\qquad\forall i_1\in I,\ \forall i_2,\ldots,i_m\notin I.

A tensor is jj-primitive when its jj-primitive degree is finite, equivalently when some tensor power has the relevant positivity in column jj.

Irreducibility characterization conjecture. A nonnegative tensor A\mathbb{A} is primitive if and only if A\mathbb{A} is irreducible and there exists some j∈[n]j\in[n] such that A\mathbb{A} is jj-primitive.

For matrices, the corresponding characterization follows from strong connectivity of the associated digraph and the period-one condition. The source proposes the tensor analogue; no resolution is given in the supplied text.

References

Primary source

Pingzhi Yuan, Zilong He and Lihua You, “New result and some open problems on the primitive degree of nonnegative tensors”, arXiv:1408.3457 (2014).

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