The characteristic-function interval inequality for primes

Let π(x)\pi(x) be the prime-counting function. For a positive integer cc, let Ik=[(k1)c,kc)I_k=[(k-1)c,kc) and define χIk=1\chi_{I_k}=1 if IkI_k contains one or more primes, and χIk=0\chi_{I_k}=0 otherwise. Characteristic-function interval inequality. For any m2>m1>0m_2>m_1>0, with m2m_2 and m1m_1 sufficiently large, and any c>2c>2, one has

1c(π(m2c)π(m1c))k=m1m2χIk<π(m2c)π(m1c).\frac{1}{c}\bigl(\pi(m_2c)-\pi(m_1c)\bigr)\leqslant\sum_{k=m_1}^{m_2}\chi_{I_k}<\pi(m_2c)-\pi(m_1c).

The inequality follows directly from counting prime-containing intervals, and the supplied text presents the claim without a conjectural status or resolution; its formulation is closely related to an elementary proposition earlier in the paper.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Haifeng Xu, Zuyi Zhang and Jiuru Zhou, “Periodicity related to a sieve method of producing primes”, arXiv:1406.0429 (2015).

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