Hall--Littlewood central limit conjecture for row and column lengths

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Let λ(n)\lambda(n) be a random Young diagram with row lengths λi(n)\lambda_i(n) and column lengths λi′(n)\lambda_i'(n). Assume that the positive α\alpha-parameters and positive β\beta-parameters are distinct, so that α1>α2>⋯\alpha_1>\alpha_2>\cdots and β1>β2>⋯\beta_1>\beta_2>\cdots. Let the limiting means be those given by the law of large numbers, and normalize the row and column lengths by n\sqrt n.

Central limit conjecture. The infinite vector

{λ1(n),λ2(n),…;λ1′(n),λ2′(n),…}\{\lambda_1(n),\lambda_2(n),\ldots;\lambda_1'(n),\lambda_2'(n),\ldots\}

is asymptotically jointly Gaussian after subtracting its limiting means and normalizing by n\sqrt n. The limiting covariances are αi1i=j−αiαj\alpha_i\mathbf 1_{i=j}-\alpha_i\alpha_j between λi\lambda_i and λj\lambda_j, βi1−q−11i=j−βiβj(1−q−1)2\frac{\beta_i}{1-\mathfrak q^{-1}}\mathbf 1_{i=j}-\frac{\beta_i\beta_j}{(1-\mathfrak q^{-1})^2} between λi′\lambda_i' and λj′\lambda_j', and −αiβj1−q−1-\frac{\alpha_i\beta_j}{1-\mathfrak q^{-1}} between λi\lambda_i and λj′\lambda_j'.

The conjecture predicts Gaussian fluctuations around the law-of-large-numbers frequencies. The source notes that the analogous result is known for the uniform measure on U\mathbb U and for related measures when the Hall--Littlewood parameter is zero, while the stated general case is not proved there.

References

Primary source

Alexey Bufetov and Leonid Petrov, “Law of Large Numbers for Infinite Random Matrices over a Finite Field”, arXiv:1402.1772 (2015).

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