KPZ line ensemble convergence conjecture to the Airy line ensemble

For each t>0t>0, let {Hnt(x):nN,xR}\{\mathfrak{H}^{t}_{n}(x):n\in\mathbb{N},x\in\mathbb{R}\} be the KPZt_t line ensemble, and let {An(x):nN,xR}\{\mathcal{A}_n(x):n\in\mathbb{N},x\in\mathbb{R}\} be the Airy line ensemble. Define the rescaled line ensemble by

Lnt(x)=21/3(Hnt(x)+x22).\mathcal{L}^{t}_n(x)=2^{1/3}\left(\mathfrak{H}^{t}_{n}(x)+\frac{x^2}{2}\right).

KPZ line ensemble convergence conjecture. As tt\to\infty, the line ensemble {Lnt(x)}\{\mathcal{L}^{t}_n(x)\} converges, in the sense of line ensembles, to the Airy line ensemble {An(x):nN,xR}\{\mathcal{A}_n(x):n\in\mathbb{N},x\in\mathbb{R}\}.

The conjecture strengthens the known one-point convergence to the GUE Tracy–Widom distribution and the earlier conjecture for the lowest curve, asserting convergence of the entire KPZ line ensemble. It is a proposed formulation of KPZ universality and remains open in the source.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ivan Corwin and Alan Hammond, “KPZ line ensemble”, arXiv:1312.2600 (2020).

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