Instability conjecture for the number of models of a theory

Let TT be a theory, let θ\theta and θ\theta-related cardinals satisfy the displayed cardinal-arithmetic hypotheses below, and let dotI(λ,T)dot I(\lambda,T) denote the number of models of TT of cardinality λ\lambda up to the equivalence considered in the source. A theory is definably stable when it has the corresponding stability property; here cf(λ)\operatorname{cf}(\lambda) denotes the cofinality of λ\lambda.

Instability conjecture. If λ>T\lambda>|T| is strong limit, λ>θ>cf(λ)\lambda>\theta>\operatorname{cf}(\lambda), and TT is not definably stable, then

I˙(λ,T)>1.\dot I(\lambda,T)>1.

The same conclusion should hold under the weaker cardinal assumption 2θ<θ<λθ2^\theta<\theta<\lambda^\theta, and, moreover, in that case one should have

I˙(λ,T){:θ, 2λ and =cf(γ)}+1.\dot I(\lambda,T)\geq\left|\{\partial:\theta\leq\partial,\ 2^\partial\leq\lambda\text{ and }\partial=\operatorname{cf}(\gamma)\}\right|+1.

These assertions concern the model spectrum of non-definably-stable theories and strengthen the claim that such theories have more than one model in suitable cardinalities. The supplied span is marked as unresolved, and the surrounding text gives no further resolution or precise definition of every notation used in the span.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Saharon Shelah, “Model Theory for a Compact Cardinal”, arXiv:1303.5247 (2023).

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