The Euler-product characterization of GRH for nonprincipal Dirichlet L-functions

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Let χ\chi be a primitive nonprincipal Dirichlet character, and let L(s,χ)L(s,\chi) be its Dirichlet LL-function. For each ss with Re(s)>1/2{\rm Re}(s)>1/2, consider the ordered partial Euler products over primes p≤np\le n.

Euler-product characterization of GRH. If χ≠\1\chi\ne\1, then

L(s,χ)=lim⁡n→∞∏p≤n(1−χ(p)p−s)−1,L(s,\chi)=\lim_{n\to\infty}\prod_{p\le n}(1-\chi(p)p^{-s})^{-1},

where the product is taken over all primes pp satisfying p≤np\le n.

The source states that, for χ≠\1\chi\ne\1, this is equivalent to the generalized Riemann hypothesis. Since the products are not absolutely convergent, their ordering by increasing primes is essential.

References

Primary source

Taro Kimura, Shin-ya Koyama and Nobushige Kurokawa, “Euler Products beyond the Boundary”, arXiv:1210.1216 (2013).

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