Gessel's conjecture on the two-sided Eulerian polynomial

Let An(s,t)A_n(s,t) denote the two-sided Eulerian polynomial. For n1n\geq 1, the polynomial is considered in the basis

(st)i(s+t)j(1+st)n+1j2i,(st)^i(s+t)^j(1+st)^{n+1-j-2i},

with indices satisfying 0i10\leq i-1, jj, and j+2in+1j+2i\leq n+1. Gessel's conjecture. There exist nonnegative integers γn,i,j\gamma_{n,i,j} such that

An(s,t)=i,jγn,i,j(st)i(s+t)j(1+st)n+1j2i.A_n(s,t)=\sum_{i,j}\gamma_{n,i,j}(st)^i(s+t)^j(1+st)^{n+1-j-2i}.

The conjecture asserts nonnegativity of the coefficients in the basis determined by the symmetries of the two-sided Eulerian polynomial. The source gives no resolution status, so it remains open here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

T. Kyle Petersen, “Two-sided Eulerian numbers via balls in boxes”, arXiv:1209.6273 (2012).

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